Develop Client Applications for SharePoint 2013 using Client Components SDK.

You can develop Client applications which can perform basic operations with SharePoint 2013.

Suppose if you are developing a Silver light application or a JavaScript application which performs basic operations on SharePoint, you do not require a SharePoint foundation 2013 or SharePoint server 2013 to develop.  You can download the “SharePoint Server 2013 Client Components SDK” from here  and reference the installed assemblies,scripts for  remote/local development. 

You can host it remotely on a machine which has the aforementioned SDK/Redistributables and do basic operations on SharePoint 2013.

The supported operating systems are windows 7, windows 8 release preview, windows server 2008 RC. Choose the 32 bit/ 64 bit installable according to the operating system which you are using. The package installs all files in:

%ProgramFiles%\SharePoint Client Components\Assemblies

%ProgramFiles%\SharePoint Client Components\Scripts

The following files in %ProgramFiles%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\15\ISAPI:

Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.dll

Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.DocumentManagement.dll

Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.Publishing.dll

Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.Runtime.dll

Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.Taxonomy.dll

Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.UserProfiles.dll

Microsoft.SharePoint.WorkflowServices.Client.dll

The following files in %ProgramFiles%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\15\TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS\ClientBin:

Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.Silverlight.dll

Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.Silverlight.Runtime.dll

Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.Taxonomy.Silverlight.dll

The following files in %ProgramFiles%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\15\Client:

MSOIDCLIL.DLL

MSOIDRES.DLL

If installing 64-bit version of the msi:

The following files in %ProgramFiles(x86)%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\15\Client:

Please  let me know if this information is right and useful  !!! 

Reference : http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fp179912.aspx.